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CSS

CSS Basics

CSS Styling Properties

CSS Advanced Selectors & Features

CSS Media and Image Styling

CSS Layout Techniques

CSS Flexbox

CSS Grid

CSS Responsive Design (RWD)

Responsive Web Design Grid View

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🔹 What is a Responsive Grid View?

A Responsive Grid View is a layout that adjusts the number of columns and the size of items based on the screen size or device width. It is widely used for:

  • Image galleries

  • Product listings

  • Portfolio layouts

  • Blog post grids

  • Cards and dashboards

With CSS Grid or Flexbox, we can make grids that automatically adjust on mobile, tablet, and desktop.

🔸 Key Concepts Behind Responsive Grid

  1. Grid Systems
    Divides the screen into rows and columns.
  2. Flexible Units
    Use %, fr, or auto instead of fixed px.
  3. Media Queries
    Change layout behavior based on screen width.
  4. Auto-fit / Auto-fill
    Automatically determines how many columns fit in the available space.

🔸 Example 1: Basic Responsive Grid Using Flexbox

<div class="grid">
  <div class="item">1</div>
  <div class="item">2</div>
  <div class="item">3</div>
  <div class="item">4</div>
</div>

.grid {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
}

.item {
  flex: 1 1 calc(25% - 10px); /* 4 columns */
  background: #ddd;
  padding: 20px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .item {
    flex: 1 1 calc(50% - 10px); /* 2 columns */
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .item {
    flex: 1 1 100%; /* 1 column */
  }
}

🔸 Example 2: Responsive Grid Using CSS Grid

.grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
  gap: 15px;
}

This allows the number of columns to auto-adjust based on screen size.

🔸 Responsive Grid Best Practices

✅ Use auto-fit or auto-fill
✅ Keep minimum column width using minmax()
✅ Always define gap between items
✅ Use box-sizing: border-box to avoid width overflow
✅ Test your layout on multiple devices

Practice Questions

✅ Write HTML/CSS for the following:

Q1. Create a 3-column grid that adjusts to 2 columns below 768px and 1 column below 480px.

Q2. Make an image gallery with equal-sized responsive grid items.

Q3. Build a card layout using Flexbox grid with wrapping.

Q4. Use auto-fit with minmax(150px, 1fr) to create a dynamic grid.

Q5. Add space between grid items using gap.

Q6. Use media queries to change the number of columns.

Q7. Make the grid container full width and center the items.

Q8. Add hover effects to grid items that scale on hover.

Q9. Create a grid where the first item spans two columns.

Q10. Combine grid layout with responsive images inside each item.

Responsive Web Design Grid View Quiz

Q1: Which CSS property enables a grid layout?

A. display: flex
B. display: grid
C. position: grid
D. grid-align

Q2: What does auto-fit do in grid-template-columns?

A. Fixes all columns
B. Adjusts columns to fit available space
C. Removes empty rows
D. Centers the grid

Q3: What does minmax(200px, 1fr) mean?

A. Minimum 200px, grow up to full space
B. Fixed width of 200px
C. Max column width of 200px
D. 200px margin and padding

Q4: Which unit is ideal for responsive column widths?

A. px
B. % or fr
C. cm
D. vh

Q5: Which property adds spacing between grid items?

A. margin
B. gap
C. padding
D. border-spacing

Q6: What is the role of flex-wrap: wrap in a Flexbox grid?

A. Moves items to the next row
B. Shrinks items
C. Aligns to center
D. Removes flex behavior

Q7: How do you ensure padding doesn’t break grid layout width?

A. Use box-sizing: border-box;
B. Set overflow: hidden;
C. Add padding: 0;
D. Use fixed height

Q8: Which value of flex creates a 25% width item?

A. flex: 1 1 25%
B. flex: 0 0 25px
C. flex: auto
D. flex: 1 0 auto

Q9: What happens when screen is below media query width?

A. CSS rules inside that query apply
B. Page crashes
C. Grid turns into a table
D. Flexbox is disabled

Q10: Which is the correct responsive grid layout property?

A. grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
B. columns: 3;
C. flex-flow: column-reverse;
D. display: block;
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