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Python Modules

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A module in Python is a file that contains Python code — like functions, classes, or variables — which can be used in other Python files.
Modules help you organize and reuse your code across projects.

🔹 Built-in Modules

Python has many built-in modules that you can import and use.

import math

print(math.sqrt(16))  # Output: 4.0

✅ You use the import keyword to load a module.

🔹 Importing a Module

There are different ways to import a module:

Basic Import
import random

print(random.randint(1, 10))
Import with Alias
import datetime as dt

print(dt.datetime.now())
Import Specific Function
from math import pi

print(pi)
Import All Functions
from math import *

print(sin(0))

✅ It's better to import only what you need.

🔹 Create Your Own Module

Create a new file called mymodule.py:

def greet(name):
    print("Hello", name)

Then, use it in another file:

import mymodule

mymodule.greet("Alice")

🔹 Module Location

When you import a module, Python searches in:

  1. Current directory

  2. Environment paths

  3. Installed libraries

🔹 The dir() Function

Use dir() to list all the functions and attributes inside a module:

import math
print(dir(math))

🔹 Built-in Modules Examples

  • math — mathematical functions

  • random — generate random numbers

  • datetime — work with dates and times

  • os — interact with the operating system

  • sys — access system-specific parameters

Practice Questions

Q1. Write a Python program to import the math module and use the ceil() function to round up a number.

Q2. Write a Python program to use random.choice() to pick a random item from a list of your favorite fruits.

Q3. Write a Python program to import the datetime module with an alias dt and print the current date.

Q4. Write a Python program to create a module file calc.py with an add() function that adds two numbers.

Q5. Write a Python program to import add() from the calc module and use it in your main script.

Q6. Write a Python program to use from math import pi and print the value of pi.

Q7. Write a Python program to try importing a non-existing module and handle the ModuleNotFoundError using try/except.

Q8. Write a Python program to use the os module to get and print the current working directory.

Q9. Write a Python program to use dir() to list all attributes and functions of the datetime module.

Q10. Write a Python program to call a function from your own custom module stored in a separate .py file.

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Python

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Introduction to Python

Python Basics

Cotrol Structures

Data Structures

Date and Time

Functions and Module

File Handling

Python OOP

Advanced Concepts

Python DSA

Searching Algorithms

Sorting Algorithms

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