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Python Match

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Python's match statement is used for pattern matching. It was introduced in Python 3.10 and is similar to the switch-case statements in other programming languages.

The match statement evaluates an expression and compares it against patterns specified in case blocks.

🔹 Syntax

match variable:
    case pattern1:
        # code block
    case pattern2:
        # code block
    case _:
        # default block

  • match keyword evaluates the value.

  • case is used to compare against different possible matches.

  • _ is the wildcard pattern that acts like default.

🔹 Example: Simple Match
x = 2

match x:
    case 1:
        print("One")
    case 2:
        print("Two")
    case 3:
        print("Three")
    case _:
        print("No match")

🔹 Match Strings

fruit = "banana"

match fruit:
    case "apple":
        print("Apple")
    case "banana":
        print("Banana")
    case "cherry":
        print("Cherry")
    case _:
        print("Unknown fruit")

🔹 Match with Multiple Values

day = "Saturday"

match day:
    case "Saturday" | "Sunday":
        print("Weekend")
    case "Monday":
        print("Start of week")
    case _:
        print("Weekday")

🔹 Pattern Matching with Tuples

point = (0, 5)

match point:
    case (0, 0):
        print("Origin")
    case (x, 0):
        print("X =", x)
    case (0, y):
        print("Y =", y)
    case (x, y):
        print(f"X = {x}, Y = {y}")

🔹 Guard Conditions

You can use conditions with if inside case.

value = 20

match value:
    case x if x > 10:
        print("Greater than 10")
    case _:
        print("10 or less")

🔹 Notes

  • Available in Python 3.10 and later.

  • The _ case matches any value not handled by earlier cases.

  • match is more powerful than traditional switch-case because it supports pattern matching.

Practice Questions

Q1. Write a Python program to use match to check if input is "yes", "no", or "maybe" and print the response.

Q2. Write a Python program to match numbers 1–5 and print their word equivalents (e.g., 1 → "One").

Q3. Write a Python program to match a tuple like (0, y) and print the value of y.

Q4. Write a Python program to use match to check if the entered day is a weekend or not.

Q5. Write a Python program to accept a grade (A, B, C) and print remarks based on the grade using match.

Q6. Write a Python program to use | in a case to group multiple values (e.g., "yes" | "y" for Yes).

Q7. Write a Python program to use a guard condition with match (e.g., case x if x > 50:) to print a message.

Q8. Write a Python program to match the number of sides and print the name of the shape (e.g., 3 → Triangle).

Q9. Write a Python program to create a simple calculator using match to handle operations like +, -, *, /.

Q10. Write a Python program to match the input month (e.g., "March") and print its season.

Python Match Quiz

Q1: Which Python version introduced match?

A. 3.6
B. 3.8
C. 3.10
D. 3.9

Q2: What symbol is used to represent the default case?

A. *
B. _
C. else
D. default

Q3: What does the pipe | operator do in a match statement?

A. Ends the match block
B. Matches multiple values
C. Checks data type
D. Starts a new line

Q4: Which of the following is valid inside a match block?

A. if-else
B. return
C. case
D. switch

Q5: What will happen if no case matches and there is no _ case?

A. Error
B. Skip without output
C. Execute all cases
D. Crash the program

Q6: Can you match tuple values using match?

A. Yes
B. No
C. Only with lists
D. Only with strings

Q7: What does case x if x > 10: represent?

A. Multiple case
B. Guard condition
C. List matching
D. Tuple unpacking

Q8: What does this block do: match x:?

A. Creates a loop
B. Declares variable
C. Starts pattern matching
D. Imports a module

Q9: Can match replace a long if-elif chain?

A. No
B. Yes
C. Only in loops
D. Only with strings

Q10: What is the role of _ in a match block?

A. End of match
B. Comment
C. Default match
D. Function
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