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MySQL
Introduction to MySQL
MySQL SQL Basics
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MySQL SQL
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MySQL SELECT
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MySQL WHERE
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MySQL AND, OR, NOT
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MySQL ORDER BY
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MySQL INSERT INTO
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MySQL NULL Values
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MySQL UPDATE
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MySQL DELETE
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MySQL LIMIT
MySQL Functions & Operators
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MySQL MIN and MAX
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MySQL COUNT, AVG, SUM
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MySQL LIKE
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MySQL Wildcards
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MySQL IN
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MySQL BETWEEN
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MySQL Aliases
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MySQL CASE
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MySQL EXISTS
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MySQL ANY, ALL
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MySQL Null Functions
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MySQL Comments
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MySQL Operators
MySQL Joins & Unions
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MySQL Joins
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MySQL INNER JOIN
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MySQL LEFT JOIN
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MySQL RIGHT JOIN
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MySQL CROSS JOIN
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MySQL Self Join
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MySQL UNION
MySQL Grouping & Filtering
Database & Table Management
MySQL Constraints
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MySQL Constraints
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MySQL Not Null
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MySQL Unique
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MySQL Primary Key
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MySQL Foreign Key
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MySQL Check
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MySQL Default
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MySQL Create Index
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MySQL Auto Increment
Date & Views
References
MySQL Create DB
The MySQL CREATE DATABASE statement is the first and most essential step in database management. It allows you to create a new database, which serves as a container for all your tables, views, stored procedures, and other database objects. Every application or project that uses MySQL needs at least one database to store and organize its data efficiently.
Proper database creation is crucial for organization, scalability, and security. Planning the database structure, naming conventions, and character sets from the beginning helps prevent issues in later stages of development.
What Is CREATE DATABASE?
In MySQL, CREATE DATABASE is a Data Definition Language (DDL) command used to define a new database. A database in MySQL is a logical container for all related tables and objects. Each database can have its own character set and collation, which controls text storage, sorting, and comparison.
Key Points:
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A database is a logical container for tables, indexes, views, triggers, and stored procedures.
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You can specify the character set to support multilingual data.
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Collation determines how strings are sorted and compared.
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Proper planning ensures easier maintenance and avoids conflicts later.
CREATE DATABASE Syntax
The basic syntax is simple:
CREATE DATABASE database_name;
You can also include optional parameters for character set and collation:
CREATE DATABASE database_name
CHARACTER SET utf8mb4
COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
Explanation:
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database_name: The name of the new database. -
CHARACTER SET: Defines the encoding for storing text data. -
COLLATE: Defines how string comparison and sorting are performed.
Basic Example
To create a simple database named shop:
CREATE DATABASE shop;
Explanation:
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This command creates a new database named
shop. -
MySQL assigns the server’s default character set and collation if none is specified.
To verify the database creation:
SHOW DATABASES;
Result:
| Database |
|---|
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| shop |
Create Database with Character Set and Collation
Defining a character set and collation is important for modern applications:
CREATE DATABASE shop
CHARACTER SET utf8mb4
COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
Explanation:
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utf8mb4supports full Unicode characters, including emojis and special symbols. -
utf8mb4_general_ciprovides case-insensitive sorting and comparison. -
Always specifying a character set prevents issues with multilingual text.
Tip: Use utf8mb4_unicode_ci if your application requires more accurate sorting across multiple languages.
Create Database If Not Exists
To avoid errors if the database already exists:
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS shop;
Explanation:
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MySQL skips creation if
shopalready exists. -
Useful in automated scripts, deployments, or migrations.
Practical Example
Suppose you are creating a database for an e-commerce application:
CREATE DATABASE ecommerce
CHARACTER SET utf8mb4
COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
Step-by-Step Explanation:
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ecommerceis the database name. -
utf8mb4ensures support for all Unicode characters. -
utf8mb4_unicode_ciprovides accurate case-insensitive sorting. -
After creating the database, select it using:
USE ecommerce;
This sets the context for creating tables and storing data.
Best Practices for Creating Databases
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Meaningful Names: Use descriptive names like
inventory,blog, orshop. -
Lowercase Names and Underscores: Avoid spaces or special characters.
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Consistent Naming Conventions: Helps maintain clarity across multiple databases.
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Specify Character Set: Always use
utf8mb4for modern applications. -
Choose Appropriate Collation:
utf8mb4_unicode_cifor multilingual support. -
Use IF NOT EXISTS: Prevents errors in scripts and deployments.
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Plan for Scalability: Consider how many tables and data size will grow.
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Document Databases: Keep a record of databases, purposes, and owners for management and backups.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
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Using Reserved Keywords: Do not use words like
orderorselectas database names. -
Skipping Character Set Definition: May cause issues with multilingual data.
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Ignoring Collation: Can lead to sorting or comparison problems.
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Creating Databases in the Wrong Environment: Always verify the MySQL server (development vs production).
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Overly Complex Names: Keep names simple for easier queries.
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Not Considering User Access: Plan which users can access the database and their privileges.
Database Permissions and Users
After creating a database, you may want to grant access to a user:
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON ecommerce.* TO 'user1'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Explanation:
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ALL PRIVILEGESgrants full access to the user. -
ecommerce.*applies permissions to all tables in the database. -
FLUSH PRIVILEGESreloads permissions to take effect immediately.
Practical Use Cases
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Development Projects: Each project can have its own database.
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Multi-Tenant Applications: Separate databases for each client.
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Testing and Staging: Temporary databases for experimentation.
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Archiving: Store old or historical data in a dedicated database.
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Backups: Create databases specifically for backup copies.
Summary of the Tutorial
The MySQL CREATE DATABASE statement is the foundation of all MySQL applications.
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Use
CREATE DATABASE database_nameto create a new database. -
Include
CHARACTER SETandCOLLATEfor proper text handling. -
Use
IF NOT EXISTSto avoid errors in scripts. -
Follow best practices for naming, character sets, and scalability.
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Grant proper permissions to users for secure access.
A well-planned database ensures efficient data management, scalability, and smooth operations in all MySQL projects.
Practice Questions
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Write a query to create a database named
school. -
Create a database named
libraryusing the character setutf8mb4and collationutf8mb4_unicode_ci. -
Write a query to create a database
shoponly if it does not already exist. -
Create a database named
blogwith default character set and collation. -
Write a query to create a database
inventorywith the character setlatin1and collationlatin1_swedish_ci. -
Create a database named
ecommerceand explain why specifyingutf8mb4is beneficial. -
Write a query to create a database
archive_datafor storing old records with proper collation. -
Create a database
test_projectand then write a query to select it for use. -
Write a query to create a database
crmand grant all privileges to a usercrm_useratlocalhost. -
Create a database named
analyticswithutf8mb4_general_ciand explain what would happen if the collation is not specified.
Try a Short Quiz.
No quizzes available.
MySQL
Introduction to MySQL
MySQL SQL Basics
-
MySQL SQL
-
MySQL SELECT
-
MySQL WHERE
-
MySQL AND, OR, NOT
-
MySQL ORDER BY
-
MySQL INSERT INTO
-
MySQL NULL Values
-
MySQL UPDATE
-
MySQL DELETE
-
MySQL LIMIT
MySQL Functions & Operators
-
MySQL MIN and MAX
-
MySQL COUNT, AVG, SUM
-
MySQL LIKE
-
MySQL Wildcards
-
MySQL IN
-
MySQL BETWEEN
-
MySQL Aliases
-
MySQL CASE
-
MySQL EXISTS
-
MySQL ANY, ALL
-
MySQL Null Functions
-
MySQL Comments
-
MySQL Operators
MySQL Joins & Unions
-
MySQL Joins
-
MySQL INNER JOIN
-
MySQL LEFT JOIN
-
MySQL RIGHT JOIN
-
MySQL CROSS JOIN
-
MySQL Self Join
-
MySQL UNION
MySQL Grouping & Filtering
Database & Table Management
MySQL Constraints
-
MySQL Constraints
-
MySQL Not Null
-
MySQL Unique
-
MySQL Primary Key
-
MySQL Foreign Key
-
MySQL Check
-
MySQL Default
-
MySQL Create Index
-
MySQL Auto Increment
Date & Views
References
